閥門(mén)作為流體控制系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵部件，其尺寸選擇直接影響管道系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行效率與安全性。合適的尺寸能確保流體通暢流動(dòng)，減少能耗與故障風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；尺寸不當(dāng)則可能導(dǎo)致壓力損失過(guò)大、流量不足或閥門(mén)損壞。選擇閥門(mén)尺寸需綜合考慮管道參數(shù)、介質(zhì)特性及工作條件，通過(guò)科學(xué)分析確定最優(yōu)規(guī)格。

　　As a key component of fluid control systems, the size selection of valves directly affects the operational efficiency and safety of pipeline systems. Appropriate size can ensure smooth fluid flow, reduce energy consumption and fault risks; Improper size may result in excessive pressure loss, insufficient flow, or valve damage. The selection of valve size should comprehensively consider pipeline parameters, medium characteristics, and working conditions, and determine the optimal specifications through scientific analysis.

　　管道直徑是選擇閥門(mén)尺寸的基礎(chǔ)依據(jù)。閥門(mén)的公稱(chēng)直徑應(yīng)與所在管道的公稱(chēng)直徑相匹配，確保流體在管道與閥門(mén)之間平穩(wěn)過(guò)渡。若閥門(mén)尺寸小于管道直徑，會(huì)形成流通瓶頸，導(dǎo)致流體受阻，增加管道內(nèi)的壓力損失，不僅降低系統(tǒng)效率，還可能因流速過(guò)快引發(fā)閥門(mén)內(nèi)部沖刷磨損，縮短使用壽命。反之，若閥門(mén)尺寸大于管道直徑，雖能減少阻力，但會(huì)造成材料浪費(fèi)，且閥門(mén)與管道的連接部位易出現(xiàn)湍流，長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)行可能導(dǎo)致密封件損壞，增加泄漏風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此，常規(guī)情況下，閥門(mén)公稱(chēng)直徑應(yīng)與管道公稱(chēng)直徑保持一致，特殊場(chǎng)景需通過(guò)水力計(jì)算調(diào)整。

　　The diameter of the pipeline is the basic basis for selecting valve size. The nominal diameter of the valve should match the nominal diameter of the pipeline it is in, ensuring a smooth transition of fluid between the pipeline and the valve. If the valve size is smaller than the diameter of the pipeline, it will form a flow bottleneck, causing fluid obstruction and increasing pressure loss inside the pipeline. This not only reduces system efficiency, but may also cause internal erosion and wear of the valve due to excessive flow rate, shortening its service life. On the contrary, if the size of the valve is larger than the diameter of the pipeline, although it can reduce resistance, it will cause material waste, and the connection between the valve and the pipeline is prone to turbulence. Long term operation may cause seal damage and increase the risk of leakage. Therefore, under normal circumstances, the nominal diameter of the valve should be consistent with the nominal diameter of the pipeline, and special scenarios require adjustment through hydraulic calculations.

　　介質(zhì)特性對(duì)閥門(mén)尺寸選擇有重要影響。對(duì)于黏度較高的介質(zhì)（如原油、糖漿），需適當(dāng)放大閥門(mén)尺寸，避免因介質(zhì)流動(dòng)性差導(dǎo)致堵塞。這類(lèi)介質(zhì)在管道中流速較慢，若閥門(mén)尺寸過(guò)小，易在閥體內(nèi)形成淤積，影響控制精度。而對(duì)于含顆粒雜質(zhì)的介質(zhì)（如污水、礦漿），除需匹配管道直徑外，還需考慮閥門(mén)流道的通暢性，選擇直通式流道的閥門(mén)時(shí)，其尺寸應(yīng)保證顆粒順利通過(guò)，防止卡堵；若顆粒含量較高，可適當(dāng)增大閥門(mén)尺寸，降低流速以減少顆粒對(duì)閥門(mén)的沖擊磨損。

　　The characteristics of the medium have a significant impact on the selection of valve size. For media with high viscosity (such as crude oil and syrup), the valve size should be appropriately enlarged to avoid blockage caused by poor fluidity of the medium. This type of medium has a slow flow rate in pipelines. If the valve size is too small, it is easy to form sedimentation inside the valve body, which affects the control accuracy. For media containing particulate impurities (such as sewage and slurry), in addition to matching the pipeline diameter, the smoothness of the valve flow channel also needs to be considered. When choosing a valve with a straight through flow channel, its size should ensure that the particles pass smoothly and prevent blockage; If the particle content is high, the valve size can be appropriately increased and the flow rate can be reduced to minimize the impact and wear of particles on the valve.

　　工作壓力與溫度是不可忽視的因素。高壓系統(tǒng)中，閥門(mén)尺寸需結(jié)合壓力等級(jí)核算，確保閥門(mén)殼體強(qiáng)度與管道系統(tǒng)匹配。壓力較高時(shí)，若閥門(mén)尺寸過(guò)大，其壁厚需相應(yīng)增加以承受高壓，不僅增加成本，還會(huì)降低啟閉靈活性；壓力較低的系統(tǒng)則可根據(jù)流量需求適當(dāng)調(diào)整尺寸，在滿(mǎn)足流通的前提下簡(jiǎn)化結(jié)構(gòu)。溫度對(duì)閥門(mén)尺寸的影響體現(xiàn)在材料熱脹冷縮特性上，高溫環(huán)境下，閥門(mén)與管道的連接部位可能因熱膨脹出現(xiàn)間隙，選擇尺寸時(shí)需預(yù)留一定的補(bǔ)償空間，避免因尺寸剛性匹配導(dǎo)致密封失效。

　　Work pressure and temperature are factors that cannot be ignored. In high-pressure systems, valve size needs to be calculated based on pressure rating to ensure that the strength of the valve housing matches the pipeline system. When the pressure is high, if the valve size is too large, its wall thickness needs to be increased accordingly to withstand high pressure, which not only increases costs but also reduces the flexibility of opening and closing; Systems with lower pressure can be adjusted in size according to flow requirements, simplifying the structure while meeting flow requirements. The influence of temperature on valve size is reflected in the thermal expansion and contraction characteristics of materials. In high temperature environments, there may be gaps at the connection between valves and pipelines due to thermal expansion. When selecting the size, a certain compensation space should be reserved to avoid sealing failure caused by rigid size matching.

　　流量需求是確定閥門(mén)尺寸的核心參數(shù)。通過(guò)計(jì)算管道系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)流量，結(jié)合閥門(mén)的流量系數(shù)（Kv 值）確定合適尺寸。流量系數(shù)反映閥門(mén)的流通能力，數(shù)值越大，單位時(shí)間內(nèi)通過(guò)的流體量越多。在已知設(shè)計(jì)流量和允許壓力損失的情況下，可通過(guò)公式計(jì)算所需的最小 Kv 值，再對(duì)照閥門(mén)廠家提供的 Kv 值表選擇對(duì)應(yīng)尺寸。例如，大流量系統(tǒng)需選擇 Kv 值較大的閥門(mén)，確保流體能按設(shè)計(jì)要求通過(guò)；小流量精確控制場(chǎng)景則需選擇小尺寸閥門(mén)，提高調(diào)節(jié)精度。

　　Flow demand is the core parameter for determining valve size. Determine the appropriate size by calculating the design flow rate of the pipeline system and combining it with the flow coefficient (Kv value) of the valve. The flow coefficient reflects the flow capacity of the valve, and the larger the value, the more fluid passes through per unit time. Given the known design flow rate and allowable pressure loss, the minimum required Kv value can be calculated using a formula, and the corresponding size can be selected by comparing it with the Kv value table provided by the valve manufacturer. For example, for high flow systems, valves with larger Kv values need to be selected to ensure that the fluid can pass through according to design requirements; For small flow precise control scenarios, small-sized valves need to be selected to improve regulation accuracy.

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